An astronomical instrument generally refers to a type of equipment used for the study, observation, or measurement of celestial objects. They are an important part of the science of astronomy. Astronomical instruments are usually classified in two categories. The first category includes all instruments that are used for observation, such as the telescope. The second category pertains to instruments employed for recording or standardizing the data provided by the observational instruments.
Observational astronomical instruments can be used to determine the size and structure of a celestial object. They may also be employed to help calculate its distance from the Earth. Other instruments collect celestial material emitted from objects such as radiation. Radiation can help provide valuable information regarding the characteristics of these phenomena.
The employment of specific astronomical instruments usually depends on both the precise celestial phenomenon an astronomer is studying and the objectives of the study. The varied nature of celestial phenomena has contributed to the development of different types of instruments in order to study them in a more precise manner. The particular goals of astronomers have also necessitated the developments of new technologies to better analyze these phenomena.
Telescopes generally are considered to be one of the fundamental astronomical instruments. Science historians often trace the history of the telescope to the beginning of humankind’s use of glass and lenses. Historians have suggested that the first telescope was invented in 1608 in Holland, although the identity of the exact inventor is debated. In the following years, Galileo developed what is generally regarded as an improved model of these earlier designs.
All types of telescopes are usually broken down into three categories: refracting telescopes, reflective telescopes, and mirror lens telescopes. These telescopes differ in how they employ lenses or mirrors in order to capture light. Supplements may also be added into the central plane of the telescope in order to perform specific tasks. A thermocouple can be inserted in order to measure the temperature of celestial bodies. Spectrographs may be used to evaluate light, whereas photoelectric cells can be employed to measure luminosity.
Radio telescopes are used to collect radio waves emitted form celestial objects. These instruments are normally formed from radio antennas. Since many celestial objects emit radiation at radio wavelengths, radio telescopes can be used to collect various data concerning the nature of these objects.
The interferometer is a type of astronomical instrument that can help determine the size of a celestial object. These instruments collect data on the interference pattern of the phenomenon. Mathematical formulas can then be used to calculate data such as the size of the phenomenon.