A microscope condenser is a key part of a microscope. It focuses the light which passes through the stage of the microscope where the specimen is mounted, providing illumination, contrast, and clarity. There are a number of different types of condensers for use in various applications, and of varying levels of quality. Learning to adjust a condenser properly is critical to mastering microscopy, as a poorly-utilized condenser can have a serious impact on image quality and clarity.
The condenser consists of a lens or set of lenses mounted directly under the stage. The intensity of the light can be adjusted by moving the microscope condenser closer to or further away from the stage, and the width of the beam can be adjusted by making the aperture wider or smaller. Ideally, the condenser should be set on a wide aperture, and it should be as close to the stage as possible. This provides the best focus and clarity.
One of the most common types of microscope condenser is the Abbe condenser, which can be found in most inexpensive microscopes. More sophisticated condensers are also available, along with specialty condensers for activities such as dark field microscopy. Some microscopes have removable condensers so that users can use different types, while in other cases, the condenser may be fixed in place.
It is important to keep the microscope condenser in good working order and to prevent it from becoming damaged by dust, chemicals, and other contaminants. Ideally, the microscope should be covered when not in use to protect the condenser and other parts, and the microscope may also need to be periodically dusted or brushed to remove dirt. Special oils for treating the moving parts of microscopes are also available, to keep microscopes moving smoothly and reliably. For heavily-used microscopes, servicing companies can break down the microscope in order to clean and maintain its components.
The settings of the microscope condenser can be adjusted with the use of knobs mounted on the body of the microscope. Typically, once an optimal setting has been reached, it will only require adjustment rarely. Fine tuning of the focus is done with adjustments to the eyepiece, but the eyepiece will only work so well when the condenser is not positioned properly. For people who are not familiar with the nuances of adjusting a microscope, it can help to ask for a quick tutorial from someone who is experienced with microscopy, such as a science teacher or staffer in a store which specializes in microscopes and microscopy products.
